Table 6 CBD impacts inflammatory and apoptotic pathways

Caspases

 Caspase-1

Cysteinyl aspartate protease 1

Suppresses

Yndart Arias et al. 2023)

 Caspase 8

Cysteinyl aspartate protease 8/9

Agonizes

Massi et al. 2006)

 Caspase 9

Cysteinyl aspartate protease 8/9

Agonizes

Massi et al. 2006)

Receptors

 PPARγ

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma

Agonizes

O’Sullivan 2016)

 P2X7

P2X7

Modulates

Liu et al. 2020)

 ADORA_2A

Adenosine A_2A receptor

Modulates

Mecha et al. 2013)

 TNF-α

Tumor necrosis factor α

Decreases

Suryavanshi et al. 2022)

 NF-κB

Nuclear factor kappa B

Decreases

Chen et al. 2023)

 NLRP3

Intracellular "NOD-like" receptor (NLR) proteins

Suppresses

Yndart Arias et al. 2023), (Suryavanshi et al. 2022)

TLR4

Toll like receptor 4

Decreases

Chen et al. 2023)

G-protein-coupled receptors

 GPR 3

G-protein-coupled receptor 3

Inversely activates, activates

Laun et al. 2019), (Laun and Song 2017)

 GPR 6

G-protein-coupled receptor 6

Inversely activates, activates

Laun et al. 2019), (Laun and Song 2017)

 GPR 12

G-protein-coupled receptor 12

Inverse activates, activates

Laun et al. 2019), (Laun and Song 2017)

Interleukins

 IL-1β*

Interleukin-1β

Decreases

Suryavanshi et al. 2022)

 IL-6*

Interleukin-6

Decreases

Suryavanshi et al. 2022)

 IL-8*

Interleukin-18

Decreases

Suryavanshi et al. 2022)

MAPK Pathway

 p38 MAPK pathway**

Mitogen activated protein kinase

Activates

Hwang et al. 2017)

 ERK1/2***

Extracellular signal-regulated kinase

Activates

Vrechi et al. 2021)

 Reduces both potency and efficacy of endogenous and exogenous cannabinoids on ERK1/2-PLCβ3-dependent signaling

Interaction

Laprairie et al. 2015)