Table 2 CBD interacts with ion channels, enzymes, and G protein-coupled receptors

Serotonin related receptors and enzymes

 5HT_1A

5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A

Activates

Rock et al. 2012)

 IDO1/2 to increase tryptophan catabolism

Indoleamine-pyrrole 2,3-dioxygenase

Activates

Jenny et al. 2009; Jenny et al. 2010)

 5-HT_3A

5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A

Antagonizes

Xiong et al. 2011; Yang et al. 2010)

TRP receptors

 TRPV1

Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channel Subfamily V Member 1

Activates, inhibits

Petrocellis et al. 2011; Anand et al. 2020)

 TRPV2

Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channel Subfamily V member 2

Activates

Qin et al. 2008)

 TRPV3

Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channel Subfamily V Member 3

Activates

Petrocellis et al. 2012)

 TRPV4

Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channel Subfamily V Member 4

Activates

Petrocellis et al. 2012)

 TRPA1

Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channel Subfamily A Member 1

Activates

Petrocellis et al. 2008)

 TRPM8

Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channel Subfamily M Member 8

Antagonizes

Petrocellis et al. 2008)

Other ion channels

 K_V7.2/3

Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 2 and 3

Activates

Zhang et al. 2022)

 K_V4.3

Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 3

Inhibits

Marois et al. 2020)

 K_V11.1

Potassium voltage-gated channel 11.1

Inhibits

Marois et al. 2020)

 Na_V1.1–1.7

Voltage-gated sodium channel

Inhibits

Marois et al. 2020), (Ghovanloo et al. 2018)

 Cav1

L-type calcium channel

Inhibits

Marois et al. 2020), (Isaev et al. 2022)

 Cav3

T type calcium channel

Inhibits

Ross et al. 2008)

 GlyRs

Ligand-gated glycine receptors

Allosterically modulates

Ahrens et al. 2009)

G protein-coupled receptors

 GPR 3

G-protein-coupled receptor 3

Inversely activates

Laun et al. 2019), (Laun and Song 2017)

 GPR 6

G-protein-coupled receptor 6

Inversely activates

Laun et al. 2019), (Laun and Song 2017)

 GPR 12

G-protein-coupled receptor 12

Inversely activates

 GPR 55

G-protein-coupled receptor 55

Antagonizes

Akimova et al. 2009)

 D2

D2 dopamine receptors

Partially activates

Seeman 2016)

 μ-opioid

μ-opioid receptors

Allosterically modulates

Vaysse et al. 1987), (Kathmann et al. 2006)

 ∂-opioid

∂-opioid receptors

Allosterically modulates

Kathmann et al. 2006)