Fig. 3
From: Beyond the hype: a comprehensive exploration of CBD’s biological impacts and mechanisms of action
CBD interacts with ion channels and G-protein coupled receptors. CBD interacts with multiple ion channels, including the TRP channels TRPM8, TRPV1, TRPV2, TRPV3, TRPV4, and TRPA1, serotonin receptor 5HT3A, sodium channels NaV1.1–1.7, L-type calcium channels, voltage-gated potassium channels KV7.2, KV7.3, KV4.3, and KV11.1, and glycine receptors. CBD interacts with the G protein-coupled receptors GPR3, GPR6, GPR12, and GPR55, the μ-opioid and ∂-opioid receptors, and interacts with receptors who couple with G protein coupled receptors for downstream signaling cascades, including 5HT1A serotonin receptors and D2 dopamine receptors. Created with BioRender.com