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Table 1 Participant characteristics at baseline and study follow-up

From: Sleep, psychological symptoms, and cannabis use before, during, and after COVID-19 “stay-at-home” orders: a structural equation modeling approach

 

Time 0

Pre-COVID-19

n = 534

mean ±SD or n (%)

Time 1

COVID-19

Stay-at-Home Orders

(May–June 2020)

n = 190

mean ±SD or n (%)

Time 2

1 year follow up

(May–June 2021)

n = 126

mean ±SD or n (%)

Gender (Female)

301 (56%)

115 (61%)

79 (62%)

Age

26.6 ± 3.8

27.5 ± 3.9

28.6 ± 3.7

Education

 < high school

n/a

1 (1%)

0 (0%)

 high school

n/a

18 (9%)

6 (5%)

 some college

n/a

54 (28%)

29 (23%)

 ≥college graduate

 

117 (62%)

91 (72%)

Employment Status

 Working from home

n/a

190 (35%)

38 (30%)

 Working and required to go into workplace

n/a

62 (33%)

63 (50%)

 Unemployed

n/a

49 (26%)

11 (9%)

 Student

n/a

13 (7%)

14 (12%)

Income

 < $15,000

n/a

32 (17%)

17 (13%)

 $15,000-$44,999

n/a

74 (39%)

45 (36%)

 $45,000-$89,999

n/a

52 (27%)

30 (24%)

 $90,000-$150,000

n/a

28 (15%)

25 (20%)

 > 150,000

n/a

4 (2%)

9 (7%)

 Latent factor score of alcohol consumption/week (days)a

n/a

−0.09 (−0.84, 0.56)

−0.06 (−0.63, 0.56)

 Current tobacco use (% yes)a

64 (12%)

18 (9%)

14 (11%)

 Fruit and vegetable consumption

n/a

4.8 ± 2.5

4.3 ± 2.2

Cannabis Use Frequency

 Never

90 (17%)

35 (18%)

26 (21%)

 Monthly or less

52 (10%)

18 (10%)

18 (14%)

 2–4 times a month

34 (6%)

17 (9%)

14 (11%)

 2–3 times a week

79 (15%)

25 (13%)

12 (10%)

 4 or more times/week

278 (52%)

95 (50%)

56 (44%)

 CUDIT-R Score (0–32)

8.6 ± 7.0

8.8 ± 6.8

8.2 ± 6.9

CUDIT-R ≥12

191 (36%)

63 (33%)

36 (29%)

 Average Weekday Total Time in Bed (hours)

8.3 ± 1.3

8.3 ± 1.2

8.1 ± 1.1

 Average Weekend Total Time in Bed (hours)

8.7 ± 1.3

8.7 ± 1.4

8.5 ± 1.4

 Trouble Sleeping (% yes)

233 (44%)

122 (64%)

70 (56%)

 Perceived stress (0–40)

n/a

21.0 ± 3.9

20.2 ± 3.9

 Depression Symptomsb

n/a

54.2 ± 9.0

52.5 ± 9.1

 Anxiety Symptomsb

n/a

56.7 ± 9.1

54.2 ± 9.6

  1. aValues are in Median and Interquartile Range because factor scores are standardized values
  2. bT-scores (normalized values) from Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS): depressive and anxiety symptoms, higher score indicate high symptom severity