Fig. 1

Bacterial growth inhibition zones were measured using the agar disc diffusion method after treatment with hemp extracts. The results are presented as mean ± SEM values (n = 3). Lowercase letters indicate the same level of significance in columns between solvents (p ≤ 0.05), while uppercase letters indicate the same level of significance between varieties (p ≤ 0.05). EC-Escherichia coli O157:H7, SE-Salmonella enterica, and LM-Listeria monocytogenes. Hemp Varieties: J1-Jinma 1, CW-Cherry Wine, QD-Queen Dream, R-Rogue. Solvents: E-Ethanol, AE-Acetone, and DIW-Deionized Distilled Water