Table 1 Adjusted odds of current cannabis use among adults in the U.S. by selected variables in 2016–2022
| Â | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI)†| OR (95% CI)†| OR (95% CI)†| OR (95% CI)†| OR (95% CI)†| OR (95% CI)†| OR (95% CI)†| |
Age Group | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 18–34 | 4.46 (3.77–5.27) | 6.02 (4.77–7.59) | 4.20 (3.63–4.86) | 4.16 (3.58–4.84) | 4.18 (3.69–4.74) | 5.15 (4.50–5.88) | 4.75 (4.09–5.50) |
 35–54 | 2.26 (1.93–2.65) | 2.45 (1.97–3.05) | 1.88 (1.64–2.15) | 2.00 (1.74–2.30) | 2.03 (1.81–2.27) | 2.24 (1.98–2.53) | 2.29 (2.04–2.58) |
 ≥ 55 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Sex | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Male | 1.67 (1.49–1.87) | 1.66 (1.41–1.95) | 1.52 (1.37–1.68) | 1.42 (1.28–1.57) | 1.53 (1.40–1.66) | 1.43 (1.31–1.55) | 1.33 (1.22–1.45) |
 Female | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Race/Ethnicity | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 NH White | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 NH Black | 1.35 (1.13–1.61) | 1.31 (1.03–1.68) | 1.45 (1.24–1.69) | 1.36 (1.16–1.59) | 1.50 (1.32–1.70) | 1.47 (1.27–1.70) | 1.25 (1.08–1.44) |
 Hispanic | 0.75 (0.61–0.92) | 0.56 (0.44–0.71) | 0.78 (0.67–0.90) | 0.62 (0.52–0.73) | 1.17 (0.94–1.45) | 0.76 (0.63–0.92) | 0.67 (0.59–0.77) |
 Other | 0.90 (0.73–1.10) | 0.55 (0.42–0.74) | 0.69 (0.56–0.84) | 0.53 (0.43–0.65) | 0.90 (0.78–1.02) | 0.80 (0.69–0.92) | 0.84 (0.72–0.98) |
Marital Status | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Married/Partner | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 Prev Married | 1.17 (1.01–1.36) | 1.32 (1.07–1.62) | 1.24 (1.10–1.41) | 1.22 (1.07–1.39) | 1.28 (1.15–1.43) | 1.25 (1.11–1.39) | 1.15 (1.03–1.27) |
 Never Married | 1.93 (1.69–2.20) | 1.69 (1.38–2.06) | 1.80 (1.59–2.05) | 1.56 (1.38–1.77) | 1.59 (1.43–1.78) | 1.57 (1.41–1.76) | 1.49 (1.33–1.66) |
 Unknown | 1.68 (0.87–3.25) | 1.19 (0.44–3.24) | 0.82 (0.39–1.69) | 1.17 (0.63–2.16) | 0.86 (0.52–1.42) | 0.66 (0.43-1.00) | 1.03 (0.64–1.64) |
Employment Status | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Employed | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 Unemployed | 1.19 (1.03–1.38) | 1.24 (1.00-1.55) | 1.18 (1.03–1.36) | 1.30 (1.12–1.49) | 1.26 (1.13–1.41) | 1.46 (1.30–1.65) | 1.31 (1.16–1.49) |
 Student | 1.08 (0.87–1.35) | 0.88 (0.63–1.23) | 0.90 (0.73–1.11) | 0.93 (0.75–1.16) | 1.00 (0.82–1.22) | 0.78 (0.63–0.96) | 0.93 (0.76–1.15) |
 Homemaker/Retired | 0.56 (0.47–0.67) | 0.59 (0.46–0.76) | 0.62 (0.53–0.73) | 0.67 (0.57–0.79) | 0.63 (0.54–0.72) | 0.61 (0.53–0.70) | 0.72 (0.63–0.82) |
 Other | 1.21 (1.06–1.38) | 1.35 (1.11–1.64) | 1.16 (1.03–1.32) | 0.41 (0.20–0.82) | 1.04 (0.67–1.63) | 0.87 (0.57–1.32) | 0.74 (0.49–1.11) |
Education | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 < High School | 1.01 (0.83–1.22) | 0.86 (0.63–1.17) | 0.91 (0.76–1.09) | 0.69 (0.57–0.83) | 1.19 (1.01–1.41) | 0.97 (0.81–1.17) | 0.94 (0.79–1.13) |
 High School | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 Some Coll/Tech | 1.21 (1.06–1.38) | 1.35 (1.11–1.64) | 1.16 (1.03–1.32) | 1.29 (1.13–1.46) | 1.10 (1.00-1.22) | 1.08 (0.97–1.20) | 1.08 (0.97–1.19) |
 Completed Coll/Tech | 0.91 (0.79–1.05) | 0.98 (0.81–1.19) | 0.97 (0.86–1.10) | 0.92 (0.81–1.05) | 0.98 (0.88–1.08) | 0.87 (0.79–0.97) | 0.88 (0.80–0.98) |
 Unknown | 1.08 (0.30–3.82) | 0.15 (0.04–0.60) | 0.24 (0.06–0.96) | 0.10 (0.02–0.49) | 0.44 (0.18–1.05) | 1.62 (0.69–3.81) | 0.36 (0.13–1.01) |
Smoked ≥ 100 Cigs Life |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 Yes | 3.84 (3.41–4.33) | 3.55 (3.02–4.17) | 3.30 (2.98–3.67) | 2.90 (2.61–3.23) | 3.62 (3.31–3.97) | 3.25 (2.97–3.55) | 3.38 (3.09–3.69) |
 No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 Unknown | 2.47 (1.17–5.19) | 1.71 (0.55–5.31) | 0.80 (0.37–1.75) | 1.45 (0.75–2.83) | 2.81 (1.58-5.00) | 2.23 (1.26–3.95) | 2.28 (1.50–3.48) |
Weight Classification | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Underweight | 0.83 (0.60–1.15) | 0.95 (0.62–1.45) | 1.06 (0.78–1.43) | 0.99 (0.72–1.37) | 1.15 (0.90–1.48) | 1.13 (0.86–1.50) | 1.19 (0.89–1.59) |
 Normal weight | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 Overweight | 0.70 (0.61–0.79) | 0.65 (0.55–0.78) | 0.78 (0.69–0.87) | 0.74 (0.66–0.83) | 0.72 (0.65–0.79) | 0.76 (0.69–0.85) | 0.79 (0.71–0.87) |
 Obese | 0.54 (0.47–0.61) | 0.49 (0.40–0.60) | 0.62 (0.55–0.71) | 0.65 (0.58–0.74) | 0.63 (0.56–0.70) | 0.64 (0.57–0.71) | 0.62 (0.56–0.69) |
Legal Status | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Illegal | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 Medical Only | 1.49 (1.30–1.70) | 1.19 (1.03–1.39) | 1.10 (0.98–1.24) | 1.14 (1.02–1.28) | 1.23 (1.13–1.34) | 1.35 (1.23–1.48) | 0.95 (0.86–1.06) |
 Med and Recreational | 3.27 (2.84–3.77) | 3.30 (2.78–3.91) | 2.41 (2.10–2.77) | 2.29 (2.00-2.64) | 1.60 (1.37–1.87) | 2.31 (2.06–2.60) | 1.71 (1.58–1.86) |
Chronic Med Condition | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 Yes | 1.36 (1.21–1.53) | 1.60 (1.35–1.90) | 1.60 (1.44–1.78) | 1.55 (1.39–1.73) | 1.66 (1.51–1.83) | 1.71 (1.56–1.88) | 1.70 (1.55–1.87) |