Table 1 Sample survey items and response options comprising psychological constructs of sensation-seeking, internalizing, and externalizing

Sensation seeking (3)

Please tell me how much you agree or disagree with each of the following statements:

- I like to do frightening things.

1) Strongly agree,

2) Agree,

3) Neither agree nor disagree,

4) Disagree,

5) Strongly disagree

- I like new and exciting experiences, even if I have to break the rules.

Internalizing (4)

When was the last time that you had significant problems with…

- Feeling very anxious, nervous, tense, scared, panicked, or like something bad was going to happen?

1) Past month,

2) 2–12 months ago,

3) Over a year ago, and

4) Never

- Feeling very trapped, lonely, sad, blue, depressed, or hopeless about the future?

Externalizing (6)

When was the last time you did the following two or more times …

-Started physical fights with other people?

- Gave answers before the other person finished asking the question?

1) Past month,

2) 2–12 months ago,

3) Over a year ago, and

4) Never